Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about insomnia, answered with clinical evidence.
What causes insomnia?
Insomnia can be caused by stress, anxiety, depression, medical conditions, medications, poor sleep habits, caffeine/alcohol, or shift work. Chronic insomnia often persists even after the initial trigger resolves due to learned sleep-interfering behaviors and thoughts.
How is insomnia diagnosed?
Diagnosis is based on clinical history. You'll be asked about sleep patterns, daytime functioning, medical history, and medications. A sleep diary for 1-2 weeks is often requested. Sleep studies are typically not needed unless sleep apnea or another sleep disorder is suspected.
What is CBT-I and does it work?
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) is a structured program addressing thoughts and behaviors that interfere with sleep. It includes sleep restriction, stimulus control, and cognitive therapy. Research shows 70-80% of patients improve, with effects lasting years. It's recommended as first-line treatment by major medical organizations.
Are sleep medications safe for long-term use?
Most prescription sleep medications are approved for short-term use only (2-4 weeks). Long-term use can lead to tolerance, dependence, and rebound insomnia when stopped. CBT-I is preferred for chronic insomnia because it has lasting effects without medication risks.
How long does it take to fix insomnia?
With CBT-I, most people see improvement within 4-8 weeks. The program typically runs 6-8 sessions. Some see changes within the first few weeks, while others take longer. Sleep hygiene changes alone may help acute insomnia within days to weeks.
When should I see a doctor about insomnia?
See a doctor if insomnia lasts more than 3 weeks, significantly affects your daytime functioning, or if you suspect a medical condition (sleep apnea, chronic pain, etc.). Also consult a doctor before starting any sleep medication or if you have symptoms like loud snoring or gasping during sleep.